The reproductive period of a woman begins at menarche (Menarche is the first
menstrual cycle or first menstrual bleeding in females) and ends in menopause.
It usually extends from 13-45 years. pregnancy is rare below 12 years and
behind 50 years.
Que. - Why the frequency of micturition increases in pregnancy ?
menstrual cycle or first menstrual bleeding in females) and ends in menopause.
It usually extends from 13-45 years. pregnancy is rare below 12 years and
behind 50 years.
Diagnosis in first trimester -
Subjective symptoms -
The following are the presumptive symptoms of early months of pregnancy.
- Amenorrhoea
- Morning sickness - It usually appears soon after following the missed
period and rarely last behind the 3rd months.
period and rarely last behind the 3rd months.
- Frequency of micturition - It is the quite common symptoms during
8th to 12th week of pregnancy.
8th to 12th week of pregnancy.
- Breast discomfort - breast discomfort in the form of feeling of fullness
and ''prinking sensation'' is evident early as 6 to 8 weeks.
and ''prinking sensation'' is evident early as 6 to 8 weeks.
- Fatigue is a frequent symptoms which may occur early in pregnancy.
Que. - Why the frequency of micturition increases in pregnancy ?
Ans. - It is due to -
i) Resting of the bulking uterus on the bladder because of exaggerated
anteverted portion of the uterus.
ii) Congestion of the bladder.
anteverted portion of the uterus.
ii) Congestion of the bladder.
Objective signs -
1. Breast changes - The breast are enlarged and often contain milk for years.
The breast changes are evident between 6-8 weeks. Their is enlargement with
vascular enlargement evidented by the dedicated vein visible under skin.
The nipple and areola becomes mare pigmented specially in dark women.
2. Per abdomen - Uterus remains a pelvic organs until 12th week, it may be just
felt per abdomen as a suprapubic bulge.
3. Pelvic changes -
a) Chadwick's sign - Blue or purplish coloration of vaginal mucous membrane in pregnancy.
b) Vaginal sign - The walls becomes softened. Their is increased pulsation felt through
the lateral fornices at 8th week called osiander's sign.
c) Cervical signs -
- Cervix becomes soft as early as 6th week known as goodle's sign.
- On speculum examination the bluish discoloration of cervix is visible.
It is due to increased vascularity.
1. Breast changes - The breast are enlarged and often contain milk for years.
The breast changes are evident between 6-8 weeks. Their is enlargement with
vascular enlargement evidented by the dedicated vein visible under skin.
The nipple and areola becomes mare pigmented specially in dark women.
2. Per abdomen - Uterus remains a pelvic organs until 12th week, it may be just
felt per abdomen as a suprapubic bulge.
3. Pelvic changes -
a) Chadwick's sign - Blue or purplish coloration of vaginal mucous membrane in pregnancy.
b) Vaginal sign - The walls becomes softened. Their is increased pulsation felt through
the lateral fornices at 8th week called osiander's sign.
c) Cervical signs -
- Cervix becomes soft as early as 6th week known as goodle's sign.
- On speculum examination the bluish discoloration of cervix is visible.
It is due to increased vascularity.
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