In the early weeks, death of the ovum occurs first, followed by its expulsion. In later weeks, maternal environmental factors are involved leading to expulsion of the fetus which may have signs of life but is too small to survive.
- Before 8 weeks :- The ovum, surrounded by the villi with the decidual coverings, is expelled out intact. Sometimes, the external opening of cervix fails to dilate so that the entire mass is accommodated in the dilated cervical canal and is called cervical abortion.
- 8-14 weeks :- Expulsion of the fetus commonly occur leaving behind the placenta and the membranes. A part of it may be partially separated with brisk haemorrhage or remains totally attached to the uterine wall.
- Beyond 14th week :- The process of the expulsion is similar to that of a ''mini labour''. The fetus is expelled first followed by expulsion of the placenta after a varying interval.
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