April 18, 2014

HIV infection in pregnancy

HIV causes an incurable infection that leads ultimately to a terminal disease called AIDS which is a group retrovirus. Worldwide 25 - 30% of infected patients are woman and 90% of them are 22 - 49 of age.


Incidence -


Estimate at national level are that about 3.7 million people were suffering from HIV infection in most Asian countries. The infection rate is less than 0.5%.



Mode of transmission -


The mode of transmission of HIV are :

  • Sexual contact.
  • Exposure to infected blood or tissue fluid.
  • Through breast milk.


HIV infection in pregnancy -

The transmission from mother to fetus is about 30% in seropositive mothers. The fetus may be affected through uteroplacental transfer during delivery by contaminated secretion and blood of the birth canal and through breast milk in the neonatal period.



Clinical features -

  • Malaise.
  • Headache.
  • Fever.
  • Sore throat.
  • Lymph adenopathy.
  • Weight loss.
  • Protected diarrhoea.


Diagnosis of HIV infection -

  • ALISA - It is highly sensitive to the presence of antibiotics.
  • Western blot test - It is used to confirm the presence of antibiotics.


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2 comments:

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